Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Food and Chemical Toxicology, cilt.215, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Exposure to certain pesticides remains a significant environmental and public health concern due to their capacity to induce oxidative damage in vital organs. Deltamethrin (DEL), a widely used synthetic pyrethroid, disrupts hepatic function primarily through oxidative stress–mediated mechanisms. This study investigated the protective effects of spinosin (SP) and carvacrol (CAR), administered individually or in combination, against DEL-induced liver toxicity and explored the underlying molecular pathways. Hepatic injury was induced in male Swiss albino mice by oral gavage of DEL (15 mg/kg bw). SP and CAR were administered at 50 mg/kg bw, either alone or in combination, while silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) served as a reference compound. All treatments were administered once daily for 28 consecutive days. DEL exposure significantly reduced SOD, CAT, GSH, and PGE2 levels, accompanied by downregulation of HO-1, Nrf2, and Bcl-2 expression. Conversely, levels of ALP, ALT, AST, MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax, and Cas-3 were significantly increased. Treatment with SP and CAR ameliorated these alterations, with combined administration demonstrating greater efficacy than monotherapy. Overall, the findings suggest that SP and CAR co-treatment may exert enhanced hepatoprotective effects, potentially through coordinated regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.