Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, cilt.1, ss.0-10, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT- 4o and Gemini Advanced artificial intelligence- based
chatbots (AI- based chatbots) in providing emergency intervention recommendations for dental trauma with intraoral photo-
graphs of patients diagnosed with traumatic dental injuries, and to assess their compatibility with emergency intervention rec-
ommendations in the ToothSOS application.
Material and Methods: In this study, 80 intraoral photographs obtained from patients presenting with dental trauma were
uploaded to two different AI- based chatbots (ChatGPT- 4o and Gemini Advanced) and the responses generated by these systems
were evaluated by four paediatric dentists. The evaluators scored the responses with a Modified Global Quality Score (GQS), re-
ferring to the English instructions of the ToothSOS application. In order to analyse the reliability of the responses, a total of three
evaluation sessions were conducted 1 week apart.
Results: The ChatGPT- 4o performed better when all injury types were considered together (p
ChatGPT- 4o performed much better in complicated crown fracture cases (p
0.012). It was found that the
=
0.004) and the Gemini Advanced chatbot per-
formed much better in critical dental injuries such as avulsion (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: AI- based chatbots can be a helpful tool in the assessment of dental trauma. However, further development and ex-
pert validation are needed to improve their accuracy and consistency, especially in complex cases. Incorporating the International
Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines into the databases of these systems could improve the reliability of their
recommendations. In addition, given the widespread use of AI- based chatbots in many fields, particularly health, they could
contribute to public health by supporting access to accurate information.