Pain on injection of propofol: A comparison of methylene blue and lidocaine
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, vol.23, no.4, pp.270-274, 2011 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 23 Issue: 4
- Publication Date: 2011
- Doi Number: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2010.09.008
- Journal Name: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
- Page Numbers: pp.270-274
- Keywords: Anesthesia induction, Injection pain, Lidocaine, Methylene blue, Propofol
- Lokman Hekim University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
Study Objective: To investigate whether methylene blue, given before injection of propofol, was effective in reducing the frequency and severity of pain associated with propofol injection. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study. Setting: Operating room of a university hospital. Patients: 90 adult, ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing elective surgery. Interventions: Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups of 30 patients each. Group I received 50 mg of methylene blue, Group II received 40 mg of lidocaine, and Group III, the control group, was given normal saline. All drugs were given as a 2.0 mL bolus 45 seconds before propofol administration. Measurements: Injection pain using vocal responses, facial grimacing, arm withdrawal, tears, and questioning of the patient were noted. A 4-point scale was used for documenting pain. Main Results: Pain frequency was 90% in the saline group, whereas the frequencies were significantly lower in the lidocaine and methylene blue groups (26.7% and 40%, respectively). Conclusions: Intravenous pretreatment with methylene blue appears to be effective in reducing the pain during propofol injection. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.