Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Research in Physical Education, Sport and Health, cilt.9, sa.12, ss.57-64, 2020 (Hakemli Dergi)
Metabolic diseases appea commonly in all countries of the world with advancing age. Approximatelyone in ten people around the world have diabetes (Type II) and others have a risk of diabetes. It is a knownfact that regular physical activity, not only provides a healthy and quality life, it also reduces the risk ofgetting chronic diseases such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have been conductedin recent years, suggesting that being active or passive can also be caused by genetic factors with acomprehensive literature base that considers the effects of environmental factors and lifestyle on physicalactivity levels. Scientists are trying to reveal the effects of the fatty acid binding protein (fatty acid bindingprotein, FABP)-4, which controls the intracellular fatty rate and triggers the shift of metabolism frombalance to imbalance as a result of overnutrition, and (nuclear respiratory factor, NRF)-1 gene, whichensures the preservation of intracellular harmony. The only alternative method that triggers the transitionfrom imbalance to stability (stable) is to increase the activity level and make exercise a part of life. Somegenetic structures can arise with many genes and many factors. Genetic infrastructure is susceptible to riskand this can be observed at a high rate in some people. Physical activities are the most effective applicationand protection method that allows the effects of NRF1 gene to increase by reducing the effect of the FABP4gene. Regular exercises reduce the risk of getting metabolic and chronic diseases such as cancer, bloodpressure and diabetes triggered by genetics and lifestyle by affecting the condition of genetic codes in
Sports Scientists and researchers in related disciplines unquestionably agreed on the fact that the level of physical development and process of adaptation to the exertions are due to the genetic makeup of individuals. Reasons such as lifestyle, environmental interactions and coming from different origins (ethnicity) by skin color are also facts that cannot be ignored in revealing the unique changes between people. The features encoded in DNA sequences or chains that cause changes between humans also determine the limits of physical performance. Therefore, the genetic characteristics of the Olympic athletes allow them to perform at a high level, more precisely to be slightly ahead of other competitors. The number of candidate genes associated with the potential for higher levels of physical exertion to occur is quite high. However, the number of genes that directly trigger athletic success among these candidate genes is also very limited. There are so many factors that affect athletic performance that even if one competitor is considered superior to another, the result is almost always doubtful. It is clear that ideal genes probably push an athlete to greatness, but that these ideal genes also do not guarantee an optimal result. The complexity of genetic and environmental influences on the physiological, motor and psychological characteristics also severely limits the scope of determining athletic abilities and generating a genetic profile of targeted success. Undoubtedly, athletes with a favorable genetic profile who interact with correct training practices are more likely to achieve higher performance levels. However, it is likely that the possible combinations of genetic and environmental factors that result in elite performance will remain enormous and often unpredictable.