Influence of printing orientation on the mechanical and surface characteristics of a novel 3D-printed definitive resin-based composite
Odontology, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10266-026-01475-4
- Dergi Adı: Odontology
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Pharma Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: 3D printing, Build orientation, Elastic modulus, Flexural strength, Resin-based composites, Surface hardness, Surface roughness
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Lokman Hekim Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study evaluated the effects of different printing orientations on the mechanical properties and surface roughness of a 3D-printed definitive resin-based composite (RBC) material. Bar shaped samples were fabricated from a 3D-printed RBC (VarseoSmile TriniQ) using three different build orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) and lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD). Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated using a three point bending test. Surface microhardness was assessed with a Vickers hardness test, and surface roughness was measured using a contact profilometer. Following mechanical testing, the sample surfaces and fractured regions were further examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for topographic and fractographic evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed at α = 0.05 using one way ANOVA, with post hoc comparisons conducted using the Tamhane test. Significant differences were observed among the tested materials for all evaluated parameters (p < 0.001). IPS group demonstrated superior mechanical properties and lower surface roughness compared to the 3D-printed RBCs. Within the 3D-printed groups, the 0° build orientation exhibited higher flexural strength, whereas the 90° orientation showed increased surface hardness. Elastic modulus and surface roughness were not significantly influenced by printing orientation (p > 0.05). SEM analyses supported the quantitative findings by revealing a homogeneous and compact microstructure in IPS group and orientation-dependent surface and fracture features in the 3D-printed RBC groups. IPS e.max CAD demonstrated superior mechanical performance. The 0° orientation improved flexural strength, while the 90° orientation enhanced surface hardness, suggesting that build orientation should be selected according to the intended clinical function.